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The hydrocarbon theory states that solar rays pass through the clouds and the electromagnetic waves and the global electromagnetic belt to hit and warm up the earth's surface. Some of the heat energy is lost passing through the atmosphere and partly penetrating the earth.But the rays bounce back into the atmosphere.Here they are trapped by the clouds which are made more dense by the CO2 which has escaped from our industrial processes.These trapped solar rays heat up the atmosphere and have raised the temperature over the last two decades by 3 or 4 degrees worldwide.
However the earth is warmed by the heat energy that is in the photons in the rays.We know from solar panel theory that some surfaces heat up the panels more that others.This heat is converted into electrical energy.But if we put a container of water vapour (cloud matter) and water,together with materials like carbon fibre and gallium oxide we would see that the photons do not discharge much into the first two materials.In addition there are more photons and hence electricity created by the gallium oxide than from all others.
Solar rays may bounce back from the surface but they will not discharge many photons into water vapour.Even water vapour with hydrocarbons in them.
This theory may account
for some of the increase in temperature referred to as global warming but certainly not all of it as it looks.
The orbit theory has been formed largely by observation.The first part of the theory admits that the universe is expanding as astronomists have observed.However since it is impossible to determine how fast or slow; it assumes that the universe is expanding slowly.So the earth is moving faster than the sun as it has been agreed.But still at a not a great velocity in terms of the differential between the sun and the earth.In other words, the earth is only moving slightly faster than the sun.Consequently there is not a great deal of force in this dimension.
The centrifugal force keeps the earth at an almost constant distance from the sun.This is the earth's orbit.However the differential force with the sun does pull it out of orbit slightly. The orbit is elliptical in nature.Pulling it out of orbit in the long side of the ellipse will pull it out at the pointed part, or the end, as well.The shape of the elliptical orbit will tend to correct itself over time.It is believed that the centrifugal force is stronger than the differential velocity and be more important for a body the size of the earth.
This change in the orbit has caused the change in temperature.This is easy to observe because when the earth moves from summer to winter the earth has moved through it's orbit.This change in temperature has been caused by the earth moving through it's elliptical orbit.There has been an increase in overall earth temperature over the last several decades but it is possible that the orbit will correct it's shape and return to it's old shape.This will bring world temperatures down again.
The hydrocarbon theory refers to the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere going into the cloud bank above our atmosphere and creating a barrier that traps the sunlight and raises the temperature.This of course, causes global warming.This theory has a few inconsistencies.
It is commonly known that there is an electromagnetic field above the earth that protects the earth from all kinds of radiation(including solar radiation).This apparently weakens the solar rays but in addition the clouds weaken the solar rays.According to this theory the sunlight is weakened by the electromagnetic field,the clouds and by penetrating the earth.However the sunlight is still strong enough to raise the temperature of the earth in the summer to 30 to 35 degrees Celsius.This is quite a bit of solar energy but according to this theory after heating the earth the rays are then not strong enough to escape the cloud bank.Especially when the clouds are made more dense by Co2.Clouds are made up mostly of water vapour but when reinforced by Co2 they are now dense enough to trap the sunlight and force the temperature higher and higher.Sunlight that is strong enough to raise the temperature of the earth
's crust and the atmosphere can now not escape from water vapour with Co2 added to it.However if these dense clouds become even more dense(added Co2) then maybe the sunlight will never reach the earth and we will have another ice age.
The prevailing explanation for the gradual increase in world-wide temperatures is that there is an increasing amount of hydrocarbons(CO2) in the atmosphere.Yet studies have shown that there is not a steady trend upwards in hydrocarbons in the atmosphere. In addition there have been more hydrocarbons measured in the atmosphere at other times yet the temperature did not increase beyond today's average temterature. There does not seem to be a strong and steady correlation between the amount of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere and the increase in temperature.Perhaps there are other factors to explain the increase in temperature.For example,the earth may not be in a steady orbit and may be gradually moving closer to the sun.However if this is true may it change it's rotation and move (for awhile) away again from it's present orbit and move further away from the sun.Perhaps.
In younger days it was commonly thought that the universe was stable and not expanding nor decreasing in size.There have been new instruments such as the Hubble Space Mirror and others that can see further into outer space.Consequently new measurements show that the universe is expanding.One estimate is that it has increased by 14% since "the big bang".The big bang is the start of the universe.Elements that were all packed- in together exploded outwards and apparently kept going. All now show that the universe measurements have indeed expanded.Galaxies and also our solar system are moving outwards.
This means that the sun and the planets are moving outwards at different speeds.The smaller bodies(planets) are moving faster than the bodies with larger mass such as the sun.This also means that the earth should be moving towards the sun as it is moving faster than the sun.If this is true then the earth should be heating up more and more.This increase would be much more than the increase in temperature from hydrocarbons. But measurements over the last century show only slight increases of 1 to 2 degrees.This does not support the idea that the earth is moving slowly or faster towards the sun.The apparent reason that the earth stays in a steady orbit and does not move closer towards the sun is because of centrifugal forces.That is the force that keeps you on the outside of a spinning wheel as it speeds up.It is almost impossible to move towards the centre.This has some consequences on the climate change theories.
This is a look at two intermediate oil and gas producers -Pengrowth and Pennwest.Pengrowth produces more natural gas that Pennwest but Pengrowth is working on developing a heavy oil plant in the oil sands area.Pennwest is slowly(at this stage) divesting some of it's acreage while Pengrowth is selling only a little non-core assets.However at this time debt is more of a problem for Pennwest than it is for Pengrowth.Pennwest has about$2.7 billion in debt while Pengrowth has $1.7 billion but Pengrowth has increased revenue after acquiring another producer called N.A.E Oil and Gas.Pengrowth has negative EBITDA of $66 million while Pennwest has a negative EBITDA of $134 million.Neither will likely have a positive EBITDA for this quarter but Pengrowth will be closer while continuing to generate more revenue from it's oil sands plant.
The price of oil has come down this quarter from the last quarter while natural gas has increased slightly.This will help Pengrowth more than Pennwest and should show a greater increase in revenue for Pengrowth.Look for a small negative EBITDA for Pengrowth and a bigger one for Pennwest.Then investors will have to ask themselves if Pennwest still deserves such a premium in it's stock price.see Workathon for stock market advice
